Improvement in ventilating apparatus for cars



ZSheets-Sheeti. M. 'A. MORTON. VENTILATING APPARATUS FOR CARS.

No. 193,270. Patented J uiy17,1877.

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2Sheets-Sheet2. M. A. MORTON.

VENTILATING APPARATUS .FOR CARS.

N01; 193,270. Patented July 17, 1877.

N.PEIERS, FHOYO-LITHOGRAPNER. WASHINGTON. D C

Unrrnn" S'ra'rns mam ome MANDRED A. MORTON, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

IMPROVEMENT IN VENTILATING APPARATUS FOR CARS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No.193,270, dated July 17,1877; application filed June 15, 1877.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MANDRED A.-MORTON, of Chicago, in the county of Cookand State of Illinois, have invented certain Improvements in VentilatingApparatusfor Railroad- Oars, &c., of whichthe following is aspecification:

In using this improved ventilator upon the railroad passenger-car, Ipropose to place a series of several of them, usually, upon the roof ofthe car, to inclose the common ventilating-windows which are piercedthrough the sides of the raised central portion of the roof or deck, asit is sometimes called, of the car. The ventilator to be applied tothese or similar openings consists of a box provided with two gauzesides and a central partition, forming two gauze-covered chambers, onefacing toward one end. of the car, and the other toward the other end ofthe car. This box is applied to the exterior of the car, and projectsout into the air, so that the movement of the car causes it to catch theair at the gauze mouth facing the front end of the car, in the directionin which the car is moving, and to force the air thus caught into thecar, while at the same time the same cause produces an exhaust of airfrom the car through the other gauze opening facing the rear of the car.Thus a constant circulation of the air is kept up while the car is inmotion, forcing fresh air into the car, and drawing foul air therefrom.

The air entering the car strikes forcibly against the sheet of gauze,and is purified thereby of all smoke, dust, or cinders. Wiregauzescreens do not always prevent the passage of dust and cinders and smokeeven when the gauze is very fine; for instance, if an opening in the endof a car, where the opening is surrounded at all sides by a flat surfaceof wall impervious to air, be covered with gauze, it will be found thatthe dust, &c., will pass through the gauze to a considerable extent. Iexplain this fact theoretically as follows: The air rushes forciblyagainst the end of the car in motion, and is condensed to some extent bythe impervious portion of the wall, and condensed to a less extent uponthe gauzed surface, forming thus a sort of funnel of condensed airaround the gauzed openings, which acts to direct and concentrate thedust, &c.,

into the opening and through the gauze. Now, again, and also forillustration, if a piece of fine gauze-wire screen be held up in acurrent of air,- with no impervious Wall around it, there will be anentirely different kind of a result produced. The gauze will offer aconsiderable resistance to the passage of air through it, and will thuscause a concentration of air upon the gauze surface, which concentratedportion will take a conical or pyramidal form, the gauze being the base,while the apex points against the current. This cone of condensed airwill cause heavy particles, like smoke,'dust, and cinders, to glanceoff, and pass to the sides of the screen, and not through it.

From these illustrations it will be clearly understood, without furthercomment, why I cover the entire surface of the sides of myventilating-box with a gauze opening, and

also why I cause it to project clear into the current and at rightangles thereto. It will also serve to explain why I put no rim or hoodor mouth around the gauze in front of it, which, while it might serve togather the air to some extent, would also to some extent hinder theglancing off of the heavy particles above alluded to, and would alsotend to produce eddies and revolving or cross-currents at the edges ofthe opening, which would interfere to a greater or less extent with theperfect operation of the screen.

In the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification,Figure l is a perspective view of my improved ventilator detached fromthe car. Fig. 2 is a vertical central section of the same from gauze togauze. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section of the same. Fig. 4 iscross-section of a car-roofwith the ventilators applied.

Like letters of reference are made use of to denote like parts in theseveral figures.

In the said drawing is shown a sheet-metal box, closed at the top A, andat one end, B, by the metal of which it is made, and'closed in likemanner at the bottom by two inclined metal surfaces, 0 O, forming aridge. from the top of which to the top of the box vextends a verticalpartition, D, dividing the box into cut off the openings H H to bringthem to- .the size of the ventilating-windows. This plate, however, isnot absolutely necessary, being a mere convenience. The partitionvDshould, preferably, extend into the window, in order, as far aspossible, to separate the incoming and outgoing currents; 1

Wood or other material may be used where metal is employed in the box,if desired, but sheet metal will be the best material. The gauze usedshould be quite fine in mesh, and

preferably what is commercially known as seventy t0 the inch.

If we may suppose "the apparatus above described applied to a car asindicated, and that the gauze surface G to the front or facing towardthe direction in which the car is moving, then the air-currents into andout of the box will be indicated by the arrows, the incoming or pure airby the plain arrows, the outgoing or vitiated air by. the arrows with ablack blot upon the shaft. If the car runs the other way the action willbe precisely reversed.

'The inclined bottom has several functions. It directs the air upward"toward the exit, drains 011' any spray or moisture which may byaccident penetrate thegau'ze from the outside, and permits any dustwhich may get into the box from the car and settle upon the incline, tobe blown back into the car at the first puff of current which enters thebox from the outside.

In order to control these incoming and outgoing currents, valves may beplaced in the ventilating-window, either to open and close both openingsH H more or less, or so constructed as to close or open either one more.

or less.

This apparatus will do the work of ventilation very thoroughly andefl'ectually and cleanly, and may be made and applied to new or old carsat a very small cost; and while no dust,

&c., can enter through the ventilator into the car, any dust that mayget into the car through the doors or windows is perfectly free to passout through the ventilator. .This latter peculiarity will be understoodfrom the explanation given at the commencement of this specificatiou.

Having thus fully described my invention, 1 claim as new and desire tosecure 'by Letters Paten't 1. The ventilatorforrai'lroad-cars,consisting of a box divided into-"two compartments by a permanentpartition, both compartments opening through gauze screens to theoutside air, and opening into the car through apertures which areprovided, or which are not provid- JO N W. MUND'A'Y *Foann B. SMITH.

